Hormone Therapy

Testosterone buccal is a form of hormone replacement therapy that delivers testosterone through a small tablet applied to the gum or inner cheek. This method allows the hormone to be absorbed directly into the bloodstream, helping maintain normal testosterone levels in men with low testosterone. It supports energy, mood, muscle mass, and sexual function.

Testosterone intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) injections are forms of hormone replacement therapy for men with low testosterone levels. IM injections deliver the hormone directly into a muscle (usually the buttocks), while SC injections are administered into the fatty tissue beneath the skin (usually in the belly), both providing steady absorption into the bloodstream. These therapies help improve energy, mood, muscle mass, bone density, and sexual function. Dosage and injection frequency typically range from weekly to every few weeks.

Testosterone nasal spray is a form of hormone replacement therapy that delivers testosterone through the nasal passages for men with low testosterone levels. The hormone is absorbed quickly through the nasal mucosa, helping maintain healthy testosterone levels and supporting energy, mood, muscle mass, and sexual function. It is typically administered multiple times daily.

Oral minoxidil is a medication originally developed to treat high blood pressure but is now commonly used at low doses to promote hair growth in people with thinning hair or pattern baldness. It works by widening blood vessels and increasing blood flow to hair follicles, which can stimulate hair growth and slow hair loss. Oral minoxidil is usually prescribed in low daily doses.

Sildenafil (Viagra) and Tadalafil (Cialis) are both PDE5 inhibitors used primarily for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). Both medications enhance erectile function in response to sexual stimulation. Sildenafil has a duration of action of about 4 hours while Tadalafil has a duration of responsiveness up to 36 hours.

Levothyroxine is a synthetic form of L-thyroxine (T4) that is chemically identical to the thyroid hormone produced naturally in the human thyroid gland. It serves as replacement therapy for hypothyroidism.

Enclomiphene citrate capsules are a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used in men with low testosterone to stimulate the body’s natural production of the hormone. By blocking estrogen’s negative feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, it increases the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which in turn boost testosterone production in the testes. This therapy helps improve energy, mood, muscle mass, and sexual function without directly introducing external testosterone. Dosing is typically daily for 6-12 weeks.

Oxytocin nasal spray is a synthetic form of the hormone oxytocin, which plays a key role in social bonding, trust, and emotional regulation. It is used to support social, emotional, or psychological well-being. The spray works by delivering oxytocin directly to the nasal passages, where it can influence brain activity related to mood and social behavior. Onset of effect is typically within 15-30 minutes of administration, with peak effect 30-60 minutes later. Most effects last 2–4 hours, though subtle mood or emotional effects may linger slightly longer in some individuals.